What is the treatment for Barrett’s Oesophagus?

Three forms of treatment are available for Barrett's Oesophagus, although which treatment is best is, at present, unknown.

• Medical treatment may be used, aimed mainly at suppressing the production of acid in the stomach and therefore reducing the amount of acid available to reflux into the oesophagus.

• The abnormal lining may be destroyed by laser or by heat energy. This is done using an endoscope, with the aim of encouraging the normal lining to re-grow.

• The weakened valve at the lower end of the oesophagus, which allows reflux to occur, may be strengthened by a surgical operation.

An international study is currently in progress to identify which of these treatments has the best long-term results in reducing complications and, particularly, the risk of developing cancer.

In general terms, patients can also take steps to help reduce reflux which may include:

• losing weight, if necessary;

• eating small meals at regular intervals;

• allowing time for food to be digested before going to bed;

• avoiding tight clothes and bending down after meals.

Smokers should stop smoking!

Does the condition need to be monitored?

Patients are often advised to undergo further examinations at regular intervals in order to identify any further changes in the oesophagus that might cause complications. However, despite the fact that Barrett’s surveillance programmes are being set up in a number of hospitals in the UK, it is still not clear how beneficial this is, since only a small number of people may go on to have further complications. It will be some years before the advantages and disadvantages of repeated endoscopies become clear and a general policy can be developed.

New symptoms, such as difficulty in swallowing, vomiting blood or weight loss, require urgent medical attention.